Xuancheng 宣城

Anhui Province · Anhui Province, China

Xuancheng is a southern Anhui mountain-and-river city of Xuan paper and brushes, Jingting poetry, Jixi and Jing County villages, bamboo and tea landscapes, Hui architecture, and dispersed county towns.

Xuan paper craft in Xuancheng
Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · source · CC0

At a glance

Province-level region
Anhui Province[1][2][3][4]
Administrative coverage
1 district, 4 counties, 2 county-level cities[1][2][3][4]
Time zone
China Standard Time (UTC+8)[1][2][3][4]
Population
2.5 million · 2020 census, 1 November 2020[1][2][3][4]
Climate
Humid subtropical monsoon climate[1][2][3][4]
Map scope
7 county-level units with reviewed boundaries[1][2][3][4]

Read Xuancheng as a complete municipality

Xuancheng is a southern Anhui mountain-and-river city of Xuan paper and brushes, Jingting poetry, Jixi and Jing County villages, bamboo and tea landscapes, Hui architecture, and dispersed county towns.

Qingyi River basin, Southern Anhui mountain belt, Jing County paper-making valleys, Jixi and Ningguo upland corridors explain why the municipality cannot be reduced to its best-known landmark.

Xuan paper production, Xuan brush making, Jingting Mountain literary memory, Hui-style village architecture, Southern Anhui flower-drum opera, Bamboo carving and craft are documented as distinct practices carried by particular institutions and communities, not as traits shared by every resident.

This profile separates dated population, long-term climate, live weather, historical evidence, current access, and editorial interpretation. District and county conditions require local checks.

Land and water

Land and water, Historical layers, and Living culture and work form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.

Historical layers

Historical layers, Living culture and work, and County-level differences form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.

Living culture and work

Living culture and work, County-level differences, and Land and water form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.

County-level differences

County-level differences, Land and water, and Historical layers form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.

Location, boundary, and 3D buildings

The interactive map covers all 7 county-level units, including Xuanzhou District, Langxi County, Jing County, Jixi County.[1][2][3][4]

Loading city geometry…
County boundaries: © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL

Geography and the shape of the city

Four spatial relationships define Xuancheng.

Qingyi River basin

Qingyi River basin, Southern Anhui mountain belt, and Jing County paper-making valleys form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.[1][2][3][4]

Southern Anhui mountain belt

Southern Anhui mountain belt, Jing County paper-making valleys, and Jixi and Ningguo upland corridors form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.[1][2][3][4]

Jing County paper-making valleys

Jing County paper-making valleys, Jixi and Ningguo upland corridors, and Qingyi River basin form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.[1][2][3][4]

Jixi and Ningguo upland corridors

Jixi and Ningguo upland corridors, Qingyi River basin, and Southern Anhui mountain belt form a connected spatial system in Xuancheng. Reading them together keeps the central city, outer districts, county seats, villages, water, and terrain at their proper scales.[1][2][3][4]

Weather now

Loading current conditions…

Forecast data: Open-Meteo

Population

2.5 million

Permanent residents across Xuancheng Municipality

Population figures use the administrative area and source date shown below.[1][2][3][4]

Climate

Humid subtropical monsoon climate

Northern valleys are warmer, while the southern mountains are cooler and wetter; plum rain, typhoons, river floods, heat, and mountain storms shape paper-making and village access.

Climate describes long-term seasonal patterns; live conditions appear separately.[1][2][3][4]

Seasonal patterns

March–May

Spring

Spring conditions in Xuancheng can change quickly. Check rain, wind, fog, pollen, temperature, elevation, and coastal or mountain exposure for the exact route.[1][2][3][4]

June–August

Summer

Northern valleys are warmer, while the southern mountains are cooler and wetter; plum rain, typhoons, river floods, heat, and mountain storms shape paper-making and village access.[1][2][3][4]

September–November

Autumn

Autumn often brings cooler evenings and clearer intervals, but river, coast, mountain, desert, grassland, and county conditions still require a current forecast.[1][2][3][4]

December–February

Winter

Winter varies across Xuancheng's municipality. Check cold, wind, ice, snow, fog, heating, road, and elevation conditions rather than applying one city-center forecast everywhere.[1][2][3][4]

A short history of the city

Five dated layers connect material evidence with present urban and county form.

  1. River valleys and regional routes

    River valleys and regional routes belongs to Xuancheng's longer sequence from River valleys and regional routes to Craft renewal, conservation, and county development. Archaeology, surviving sites, collections, routes, maps, and current urban form provide different evidence and should not be collapsed into one narrative.[1][2][3][4]

  2. County towns, poetry, and craft

    County towns, poetry, and craft belongs to Xuancheng's longer sequence from River valleys and regional routes to Craft renewal, conservation, and county development. Archaeology, surviving sites, collections, routes, maps, and current urban form provide different evidence and should not be collapsed into one narrative.[1][2][3][4]

  3. Paper, ink, trade, and lineage villages

    Paper, ink, trade, and lineage villages belongs to Xuancheng's longer sequence from River valleys and regional routes to Craft renewal, conservation, and county development. Archaeology, surviving sites, collections, routes, maps, and current urban form provide different evidence and should not be collapsed into one narrative.[1][2][3][4]

  4. Forestry, roads, industry, and migration

    Forestry, roads, industry, and migration belongs to Xuancheng's longer sequence from River valleys and regional routes to Craft renewal, conservation, and county development. Archaeology, surviving sites, collections, routes, maps, and current urban form provide different evidence and should not be collapsed into one narrative.[1][2][3][4]

  5. Craft renewal, conservation, and county development

    Craft renewal, conservation, and county development belongs to Xuancheng's longer sequence from River valleys and regional routes to Craft renewal, conservation, and county development. Archaeology, surviving sites, collections, routes, maps, and current urban form provide different evidence and should not be collapsed into one narrative.[1][2][3][4]

People, language, and everyday rhythms

Residents are described through language, work, mobility, neighborhood, and present choice—not fixed personality labels.

Xuancheng local speech and Standard Mandarin

Language use varies by household, generation, neighborhood, school, workplace, county, and migration history. Speech cannot be used as a fixed identity label.[1][2][3][4]

Urban cores, county seats, towns, and villages

Xuancheng's communities differ in density, services, transport, work, land use, and daily schedules across the municipality.[1][2][3][4]

Work, study, migration, and family networks

Residents connect Xuancheng to other places through employment, study, trade, care, migration, and tourism, continually changing local communities.[1][2][3][4]

Community-specific and changing identities

Age, occupation, language, gender, neighborhood, county background, and personal choice produce varied experiences; no single personality represents Xuancheng.[1][2][3][4]

Culture and daily life

Xuan paper production

Xuan paper production is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Xuan brush making and Jingting Mountain literary memory shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Xuan brush making

Xuan brush making is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Jingting Mountain literary memory and Hui-style village architecture shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Jingting Mountain literary memory

Jingting Mountain literary memory is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Hui-style village architecture and Southern Anhui flower-drum opera shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Hui-style village architecture

Hui-style village architecture is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Southern Anhui flower-drum opera and Bamboo carving and craft shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Southern Anhui flower-drum opera

Southern Anhui flower-drum opera is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Bamboo carving and craft and Xuan paper production shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Bamboo carving and craft

Bamboo carving and craft is presented through named places, practitioners, institutions, materials, work, and community choices. Its relationship with Xuan paper production and Xuan brush making shows a living, changing practice rather than a fixed citywide identity.[1][2][3][4]

Food and local flavor

Six locally named food records connect ingredients, technique, work, markets, and social settings.

Jixi yipin hotpot is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Jixi yipin hotpot

[1][2][3][4]

Ningguo hickory nuts is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Ningguo hickory nuts

[1][2][3][4]

Shuiyang dried tofu products is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Shuiyang dried tofu products

[1][2][3][4]

Duck-foot bundles is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Duck-foot bundles

[1][2][3][4]

Jingting green tea is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Jingting green tea

[1][2][3][4]

Mountain bamboo-shoot dishes is one locally named food record. Ingredients, technique, season, maker, serving context, and district or county provenance should be checked separately rather than inferred from the name alone.

Mountain bamboo-shoot dishes

[1][2][3][4]

Landmarks and architecture

Xuan paper craft

Xuan paper craft is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Shangzhuang Village in Jixi remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Shangzhuang Village in Jixi

Shangzhuang Village in Jixi is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Longchuan village remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Longchuan village

Longchuan village is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Jingting Mountain remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Jingting Mountain

Jingting Mountain is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Zhaji village remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Zhaji village

Zhaji village is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Mei Qing landscape painting remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Mei Qing landscape painting

Mei Qing landscape painting is a physical entry point into Xuancheng. Surviving fabric, date, use, conservation, current access, and its relationship with Xuan paper craft remain separate questions.[1][2][3][4]

Ways to explore the city

Three field sequences connect the urban core with contrasting district or county landscapes.

Field route

Jingting Mountain → Xuancheng Museum → old city

Jingting Mountain → Xuancheng Museum → old city is route 1 for comparing Xuancheng's built form, landscape, work, and district or county context. Verify live weather, transport, opening, safety, and conservation rules before departure.[1][2][3][4]

Field route

Jing County paper workshops → Taohua Pool → Chaji

Jing County paper workshops → Taohua Pool → Chaji is route 2 for comparing Xuancheng's built form, landscape, work, and district or county context. Verify live weather, transport, opening, safety, and conservation rules before departure.[1][2][3][4]

Field route

Jixi Longchuan → Hui villages → Ningguo hills

Jixi Longchuan → Hui villages → Ningguo hills is route 3 for comparing Xuancheng's built form, landscape, work, and district or county context. Verify live weather, transport, opening, safety, and conservation rules before departure.[1][2][3][4]

Continue with a local story

Documentary image for a local story about Xuancheng
Photo: Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · source · CC0
Featured story

Why is landscape inseparable from craft in Xuancheng?

Water quality, bark and bamboo resources, mountain transport, skilled labor, merchant networks, and village institutions all shaped paper, brushes, architecture, and food.

Read the story

Sources and review

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Numbered reference sources

  1. Xuancheng Municipal Government — city information and public records
  2. 2020 census county publication — permanent population for Xuancheng Municipality as of 1 November 2020
  3. Ministry of Civil Affairs — Xuancheng county-level administrative divisions
  4. China Meteorological Administration — climate and live-weather reference
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